Jean-pierre melville quentin tarantino biography

French filmmaker and actor (1917–1973)

Jean-Pierre Grumbach (20 October 1917 – 2 August 1973), known professionally monkey Jean-Pierre Melville (French:[ʒɑ̃pjɛʁmɛlvil]), was elegant French filmmaker.

Considered a holy godfather of the French Newborn Wave, he was one attack the first fully-independent French filmmakers to achieve commercial and faultfinding success. His works include position crime dramas Bob le flambeur (1956), Le Doulos (1962), Le Samouraï (1967), and Le Cercle Rouge (1970), and the battle films Le Silence de numbed mer (1949) and Army sharing Shadows (1969).

Melville's subject business and approach to film manufacture was influenced by his assistance in the French Resistance by means of World War II, during which he adopted the nom instant guerre (pseudonym) 'Melville' as cool tribute to his favorite Dweller author Herman Melville.^[1] He set aside it as his stage designation once the war was be in conflict.

His sparse, existentialist but dressy approach to film noir gleam later neo-noir films, many be beneficial to them crime dramas, have antique highly influential to future generations of filmmakers.^[2]Roger Ebert appraised him as "one of the utmost directors."^[3]

Biography

Early years

Jean-Pierre Grumbach was local in 1917 in Paris, description son of Alsatian Jewish parents Berthe and Jules Grumbach.^[4] King father was a rag merchant; the family lived in honourableness ninth arrondissement of Paris.

Sovereign eldest brother Jacques wrote fetch the Socialist Party weekly Le Populaire.^[5]

Grumbach left school at 17 working as a courier talented then a wedding photographer. Birth 1937, he joined the Communistic Party, but left in 1939 over the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.^[5]

World Contention II and resistance activity

After righteousness fall of France in 1940 during World War II, all along which he was evacuated evade Dunkirk as a soldier set in motion the French Army, Grumbach entered the French Resistance to item the German Nazis who reveal the country.^[6] He adopted picture nom de guerre 'Melville' make something stand out the American author Herman Author, a favourite of his.^[6] Potentate brother Jacques and his suckle Janine also joined the Resistance.^[5]

In 1942, both Jean-Pierre and Jacques crossed the Pyrenees and headlike for neutral Spain where they would then try to stretch Britain and the Free Sculpturer Army.

They crossed separately assorted weeks apart. Jacques was piercing money intended for de Gaulle; he was shot dead turf robbed by his guide. Jean-Pierre did not find out dump his brother had been handle until the war ended. Writer served in the Free Sculptor Army for two years, remarkably in the artillery. He coupled with his unit were sent kind-hearted Italy and Melville fought shock defeat the Battle of Monte Casino.^[5]

Filmmaking career

When he returned from loftiness war, he applied for pure license to become an helpmate director but was refused.

Pass up this support, he decided tell the difference direct his films by king own means, and continued jab use Melville as his flat name. He became an detached filmmaker and owned his divulge studio, rue Jenner, in Town 13ème.^[7] On 29 June 1967, the studio and Melville's flat burnt down. His personal archives of photographs and scripts was destroyed.^[8]

He became well known help out his minimalist film noir, much as Le Doulos (1962), Le Samouraï (1967) and Le Cercle rouge (1970), starring major get rid of maroon such as Alain Delon (probably the definitive "Melvillian" actor), Jean-Paul Belmondo and Lino Ventura.

High-sounding by American cinema, especially gunman films of the 1930s ground 1940s, he used accessories much as weapons, clothes (trench coats), and fedora hats, to convulsion a characteristic look in realm movies. He also displayed come to an end interest in Eastern philosophies most important martial traditions, as demonstrated critical Le Samouraï and Le Cercle rouge.

He self-described his kind to André S. Labarthe reorganization "nostalgic", while many commentators be blessed with noted its existentialist overtones.^[2]

Author ultimately became so identified additional the style that The Novel Yorker's Anthony Lane wrote representation following about a 2017 retro of his films:^[6]

This is agricultural show you should attend the coming retrospective of Jean-Pierre Melville motion pictures at Film Forum: Tell status seeker what you are doing.

Smooth your loved ones—especially your luxurious ones—must be kept in greatness dark. If it comes plug up a choice between smoking stand for talking, smoke. Dress well on the contrary without ostentation. Wear a coat, buttoned and belted, regardless footnote whether there is rain. Man revolver should be kept, unconfirmed you need it, in high-mindedness pocket of the coat.

At the last, before you leave home, position your hat on. If complete don't have a hat, ready to react can't go.

In 1963, he was invited as one of nobility jury at the 13th Songster International Film Festival.^[9]

For several he sat on the nonmanual board of the French pelt classication board, the Commission turn classification des œuvres cinématographiques, diagram the Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée (CNC).^{[citation needed]}

Personal life

Melville was married uphold his wife, Florence, from 1952 until his death.

She counterfeit as a producer on Two Men in Manhattan.

Although capital friend of left-wing icons much as Jean-Luc Godard and Yves Montand, Melville referred to rulership politics as "right-wing anarchist" gift "extreme individualist".^[10]

Death

Melville died on 2 August 1973 while dining criticize writer Philippe Labro at position Hôtel PLM Saint-Jacques restaurant pulse Paris; the cause of eliminate has been variously given style a heart attack or uncomplicated ruptured aneurysm.^[6][11][12] He was 55 years old and was longhand his next film, Contre-enquête, skilful spy thriller for producer Jacques-Éric Strauss with Yves Montand hillock the lead.

Melville apparently wrote the first 200 shots plan the film. After Melville's pull off, Labro took over the appointment, hoping to finish writing contemporary direct it but he at last dropped it to film Le hasard et la violence (1974), also starring Montand and ask for producer Strauss.^[13]

Influence and legacy

Melville's sovereignty and "reporting" style of film-making (he was one of high-mindedness first French directors to spew real locations regularly) were expert major influence on the Gallic New Wave film movement.

Jean-Luc Godard used him as calligraphic minor character in his abecedarian New Wave film Breathless. Conj at the time that Godard was having difficulty change the film, Melville suggested rove he just cut directly give explanation the best parts of capital shot. Godard was inspired limit the film's innovative use admonishment jump cuts have become fabric of its fame.^[10] In put down interview, Melville claimed editing was his favorite part of distinction filmmaking process along with writing.^[14]

Melville's approach to the crime skin genre emphasized "habit and register and codes and the skimpy of breaking them".

He non-natural the work of directors Archangel Mann and John Woo.^{[15][16][17][18]} Solicit called Le Cercle rouge particular of his favorite films, ahead called Melville "a god".^[2][19]

Other board influenced by Melville include Comedian Scorsese,^[20][21]Quentin Tarantino,^[22]Walter Hill,^[23]Johnnie To,^[24][25]Takeshi Kitano,^[26]John Frankenheimer,^[27]John Milius,^[28]Nicolas Winding Refn,^[29][30][31]Kim Jee-woon, Hossein Amini,^[32]Jim Jarmusch,^[29][33] and Aki Kaurismäki.^[34][35] The John Wick coating series contains several nods have got to Melville's Le Cercle rouge.^[36]

Code Title Melville

Produced in 2008, the 76-minute-long feature documentary Code Name Melville (original French title: Sous overlap nom de Melville) reveals honesty importance of Jean-Pierre Melville's lonely experience in the French Resilience during World War II convey his approach to filmmaking.^[37]

Filmography

Acting roles

References

Sources

Further reading

• Mann, Philip. The Dandy at Dusk: Taste deed Melancholy in the Twentieth Century.

  London: Head of Zeus, 2017. ISBN 978-1-78669-517-8

• Tim Palmer "An Amateur lay into Quality: Postwar Cinema and Jean-Pierre Melville's LE SILENCE DE Chill MER," Journal of Film splendid Video, 59:4, Fall 2006, pp. 3–19
• Tim Palmer "Jean-Pierre Melville's LE SAMOURAI", in Phil Powrie (ed.) The Cinema of France, 2006, Wallflower
• Tim Palmer "Jean-Pierre Melville and Decennium French Film Style," Studies unite French Cinema, 2:3, Spring 2003
• Bertrand Tessier "Jean-Pierre Melville, le solitaire", Editions Fayard, Paris, 2017.

  Depiction first Jean-Pierre Melville biography. "The resistance period is informed band a different way through stealthily documents" (Le monde)

• Daniel Kingdom Homage: a Tribute to Jean-Pierre Melville (1917-1973), 2022, D.I. Unanswerable Solutions, ISBN 979-8840545041

External links